You find a job you like. You decide to create or update your resume and hit “apply.” Weeks or months pass, and you hear nothing back from the recruiter or employer. Did you use the right resume format to get your message across, that you are the best candidate for the job? What could you have done wrong?
Not all resume formats are created equal, so it’s important that you identify early on, which layout you are going to use to present your experience, qualifications, and skills in the best possible light.
We’re all familiar with the standard chronological resume format—the kind where you begin with a short paragraph summarizing your key candidate highlights and then proceed to outline your relevant work experience in reverse chronological order. This is the template most commonly advocated for, as it is most widely used and favored by employers.
But what if you face the dilemma of having little to no relevant experience, or have had a long career break or multiple gaps in employment history? How do you prove that you’re an exceptional candidate without reverting to your painfully odd chronological resume?
Welcome to the functional resume!
How to write a functional resume
With the functional resume layout, the focus is more on your transferable skills and core competencies to meet the requirements of the role, than the conventional work experience.
Before you start writing, you need to first study out the job description and pull out the competencies listed in the “Person Specification” or similar section. Identify your transferable skills from this list, and pinpoint specific examples of experiences where you have demonstrated these qualities.
You also need to ensure that the skills listed in your functional resume are relevant, and are a decent combination of technical skills and soft skills.
As you start creating your resume, begin with your contact information, relevant portfolio links, and a professional summary.
Next, list out core skills relevant to the role—and provide a short summary for each, of where you have implemented these skills, including any success metrics or positive results as well.
Following this, list out your work experiences including employer, job title, and dates worked, without going into detail about your responsibilities. This should be listed in reverse chronological order, just as you would with a standard chronological resume.
Insert a section for your education and professional development certificates, and finally, include volunteer experience or other significant projects that are relevant.
Pros and cons of a functional resume format
Before you start creating a functional resume, here are a few points to consider:
Functional resumes are not compatible with ATS systems. This means that applicant tracking software cannot detect the key information it needs when a recruiter is scanning through your resume, due to the unconventional layout.
Therefore, if you really need to use one, be sure to send it in a way that guarantees that it is read by an actual human, for example, sending via email or a LinkedIn message.
Another important factor to consider is that most hiring managers prefer the traditional chronological layout to the functional skills-based resume. This is because it is straight-forward and easier to scan through to obtain key information about places you’ve worked, experiences and achievements for each, and how long you’ve worked for each of your employers.
Hence, although it highlights your skills, opting in for a functional resume may sometimes hurt your chances of successfully landing the job.
One way to navigate this issue is to use a combination resume, also known as a hybrid resume layout. This includes your professional summary and detailed core competencies at the top, but just not as detailed to the extent that you would see in a functional format. It then lists out previous work history in the same way a chronological resume would.
This makes for a fantastic option if you are pivoting your career and have work experience that is irrelevant, but do not wish to give the impression that you’ve never worked at all.
So what is the best resume layout to use?
If you’re applying to roles that are directly aligned with your industry and experience, use the traditional resume format.
If you have little to no experience, or have gaps in career history, use the functional resume, but with extreme caution and care.
However, the most preferred option is to use a combination resume, which will reduce red flags for employers, be easy to scan, demonstrate consistency and a solid work background, and at the same time bridge the gap between where you are now and where you desire to be in your career.
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